Gun Laws and Firearm Fatalities - 2023 Edition
|
October 1, 2024
The complex relationship between gun legislation and death rates in the United States has long been a subject of intense debate and scrutiny. From densely populated urban centers to rural heartlands, the interplay of firearms regulations and the incidence of gun-related deaths paints a complex picture of America's sociopolitical landscape.
Regarding firearm safety in the home, knowledge of national statistics and trends can equip you to make the best decisions for your family. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control, Giffords Law Center, and other leading research groups, we’ll shed some light on the intricate dynamics at play, uncovering potential associations between gun control measures and the heartbreaking toll of gun-related deaths. Unfortunately, firearm-related fatalities have only increased in recent years despite growing awareness.
Firearm Death Statistics
In two decades, between 2001 and 2021, a staggering 63 percent increase in gun-related deaths has cast a somber shadow over the United States. In 2021 alone, more than 48,000 people lost their lives due to firearm injury according to the latest figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This alarming escalation prompts a critical examination of the underlying factors contributing to this disheartening trend.
The rising gun deaths in America stem from various, complex factors. Lax gun laws, high gun ownership rates, access to high-caliber firearms, and mental health issues all contribute to increased gun-related injury and death. After the social isolation of the Covid-19 pandemic, gun violence surged as society reopened.
Additionally, domestic violence drives up the risk of firearm deaths. In fact, the risk of death for domestic violence victims increases five-fold if the abuser has access to firearms, necessitating stricter enforcement of firearm possession laws for those with restraining orders. Gaps in background check systems allow prohibited individuals to acquire guns, while gun trafficking across state lines exacerbates unlawful access to firearms.
How many gun deaths are due to homicide and suicide?
In the ever-evolving landscape of firearm deaths, recent years have witnessed a profound shift in the composition of these tragic statistics. According to CDC data, suicides have emerged as a prevailing contributor, accounting for 54 percent of all deaths involving firearms in 2021—a stark reminder of the complexity of the factors underlying this alarming trend.
At the same time, the grim reality of deaths resulting from assaults with firearms remains an unhappy chapter in the story of gun-related fatalities. In the most recent data, intentional assaults accounted for 43 percent of all gun-related deaths, a significant increase from the 33 percent reported in 2013.
Intricately entwined with the discussion surrounding firearm deaths are the demographics of those most vulnerable. It’s important to recognize the distinct profiles of those who fall victim to suicide and homicide.
Men, in particular, are notably more susceptible to suicide, accounting for a significant proportion of these tragic deaths according to the CDC. The most at-risk age group tends to be older individuals, with middle-aged and older men disproportionately represented in this statistic. Native American and White men aged 35-64 had higher suicide rates than other men in the same age range.
The dynamics surrounding firearm-related homicides reflect a different facet of vulnerability. Younger individuals, particularly those in their late teens and early twenties, are more likely to become victims of homicide. These statistics' racial and socioeconomic disparities are noteworthy, with African American and Hispanic individuals often facing higher risks of falling victim to firearm-related homicides driven by systemic inequalities and violence. Sadly, Black Americans are ten times more likely than white Americans to die by gun homicide.
Firearm Ownership Rates by State
Delving into the intricate landscape of firearm ownership, the research conducted by the Rand Corporation offers an illuminating glimpse into the prevalence of firearms in households across the United States. As the study reveals, approximately 39 percent of adults reside in a household with at least one firearm — however, this varies dramatically from state to state.
| Top 5 states for gun ownership | Percent of adults living in households with firearms | Bottom 5 states for gun ownership | Percent of adults living in households with firearms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montana | 64% | Hawaii | 8% |
| Wyoming | 60% | New Jersey | 8% |
| Alaska | 59% | Massachusetts | 10% |
| West Virginia | 58% | Rhode Island | 11% |
| North Dakota | 55% | New York | 14% |
States such as Montana, Wyoming, and Alaska stand out with significantly higher-than-average firearm ownership rates, hovering around 59 percent or higher.
These states, characterized by their vast natural landscapes and traditions, tend to have fewer restrictions on firearm sales and ownership. In rural areas, guns are often used for farming, ranching, and hunting. The elevated ownership rates in Montana, Wyoming, and Alaska reflect the cultural ties that bind these states to firearms.
Conversely, states like Hawaii, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York have the lowest gun ownership rates. Most voters in these states favor Democratic policies and often support stronger gun restrictions. Also, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island have large urban populations and thus have less need to use firearms for activities like farming and hunting.
The intricate tapestry of firearm ownership rates across states underscores the deeply rooted connection between culture, lifestyle, and gun prevalence. As the nation grapples with the alarming rise in firearm-related deaths, understanding the varying dynamics within each state can pave the way for more effective and tailored approaches to address this pressing issue.
Firearm Suicide Rates by State
In a disheartening twist of fate, data paint a sobering picture of the relationship between gun ownership rates and suicide by firearms across states—a correlation that defies optimism. Recent research draws attention to this harrowing trend, revealing a troubling positive link between states with high rates of gun ownership and equally elevated rates of suicide using firearms.
Statistical analyses have underscored the gravity of this correlation, revealing its significance with a P value of less than 0.001. This level of statistical significance serves as a resounding reminder that the relationship between gun ownership and firearm-related suicides is not merely coincidental but is deeply rooted in underlying factors.
| Top 10 states | Rate per 100,000 residents | Total deaths caused by self-inflicted firearm injury |
|---|---|---|
| Wyoming | 23.7 | 137 |
| Montana | 21.6 | 239 |
| Alaska | 19.4 | 142 |
| New Mexico | 14.4 | 305 |
| Idaho | 13.8 | 262 |
| Oklahoma | 13.8 | 551 |
| North Dakota | 13.2 | 102 |
| Nevada | 13.1 | 413 |
| Arkansas | 12.9 | 391 |
| Colorado | 12.8 | 745 |
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 2021 on CDC WONDER Online Database
Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska find themselves in the unenviable position of having not only the highest rates of suicide by firearms but also boasting the three highest gun ownership rates in the nation. Their rural geographic isolation could exacerbate challenges in accessing mental health resources, fostering an environment where help can seem out of reach. Cultural factors and substance abuse add layers of complexity, further entwining the threads of despair.
Even the natural environment plays a role, as regions with long, dark winters grapple with seasonal affective disorder, which can contribute to feelings of hopelessness and exacerbate the risk of suicide.
| Bottom 10 states | Rate per 100,000 residents | Total deaths caused by self-inflicted firearm injury |
|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | 1.9 | 136 |
| New Jersey | 2.1 | 195 |
| New York | 2.2 | 439 |
| Hawaii | 2.9 | 42 |
| Rhode Island | 3.3 | 36 |
| Connecticut | 3.4 | 122 |
| California | 4.0 | 1,575 |
| Maryland | 5.0 | 310 |
| Illinois | 5.2 | 656 |
| Minnesota | 6.9 | 393 |
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 2021 on CDC WONDER Online Database
On the opposite end of the spectrum, states like Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Hawaii, and Rhode Island showcase significantly lower rates of firearm-related suicides and correspondingly lower levels of gun ownership. A common thread runs through these states— since they tend to lean more progressively, they are more open to stricter gun laws.
Gun Law Rigor and Death Rates
According to the Giffords Law Center, gun laws (not just ownership) correlate with death rates. Their analysis showed states with weaker laws tended to have higher rates of deaths from firearms.
A-grade states heralded for their stringent and comprehensive firearm regulations stand as exemplars in the battle to save lives. Many of these states had lower gun-related death rates. These states have enacted many measures designed to protect citizens and restrict the potential for firearm-related deaths. The characteristics of A-grade states include:
- Comprehensive background checks are mandated for all firearm sales, closing loopholes that could allow dangerous individuals to acquire firearms.
- Rigorous license and permit requirements ensure only responsible individuals are granted the privilege of firearm ownership.
- Bans on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines minimize the potential for mass shootings and large-scale violence.
- Imposition of waiting periods on gun sales, introducing a cooling-off period to prevent impulsive acts of violence.
- Implementing red flag laws, enabling the temporary removal of firearms from individuals deemed a threat to themselves or others.
- Stringent child access prevention laws or gun storage regulations safeguarding against accidental firearm use by minors.
- Domestic violence restrictions prohibit individuals with a history of domestic abuse from purchasing firearms.
- Regulations governing gun show sales prevent the evasion of background checks through such venues.
- Stricter regulations about open carry and concealed carry ensure responsible firearm possession and use.
F-grade states are on the opposite end of the spectrum, where the absence or limited scope of the regulations above amplifies the risk of firearm-related deaths. The stark contrast is evident in states like Arkansas, Mississippi, and Wyoming, which lack vital safety measures. Many states with weak laws have the following in common:
- Universal background checks are not mandated, allowing for gaps that can be exploited by those who shouldn't possess firearms.
- Gun owner licensing, an essential component of responsible ownership, is notably absent.
- Extreme risk protection orders are not established, which offer a crucial tool for removing firearms from individuals in crisis.
- Domestic violence gun laws that could protect victims and prevent further tragedies are lacking.
- Measures such as assault weapon restrictions and bans on large-capacity magazines are conspicuously absent.
- Waiting periods that could potentially prevent impulsive acts of violence remain unimplemented.
- The regulatory framework for concealed and open carry is weak, potentially compromising public safety.
- A lack of child access prevention laws, critical for preventing accidents
Conclusion
In the United States, the complex relationship between gun legislation and death rates reveals a multifaceted challenge that defies simple solutions. Despite increased awareness, gun-related fatalities have surged by 63 percent over two decades, necessitating a closer examination of underlying factors.
The convergence of firearm-related suicides and homicides highlights the need for comprehensive strategies. Demographics reveal vulnerable groups, from older individuals grappling with mental health to youth falling victim to violence. Varied firearm ownership rates across states emphasize the link between culture, lifestyle, and gun prevalence, offering insights for tailored interventions.
While the facts may speak for themselves in the debate over gun violence, they don’t necessarily point toward a catch-all solution. Until this solution is found, though, it’s our duty to acknowledge the intricacies and practice responsible gun ownership at all times. Addressing the challenge of gun-related deaths will require a holistic approach involving mental health support, cultural sensitivity to each state, and responsible gun legislation.
Our Data
We relied on statistics from the Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics and National Vital Statistics System for 2001-2021 mortality rates via the CDC WONDER Online Database. Our analysis included the following ICD codes for cause of death:
- W32 (Handgun discharge)
- W33 (Rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge)
- W34 (Discharge from other and unspecified firearms)
- X72 (Intentional self-harm by handgun discharge)
- X73 (Intentional self-harm by rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge)
- X74 (Intentional self-harm by other and unspecified firearm discharge)
- X93 (Assault by handgun discharge)
- X94 (Assault by rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge)
- X95 (Assault by other and unspecified firearm discharge)
- Y22 (Handgun discharge, undetermined intent)
- Y23 (Rifle, shotgun and larger firearm discharge, undetermined intent)
- Y24 (Other and unspecified firearm discharge, undetermined intent)
- Y35.0 (Legal intervention involving firearm discharge)
We also explored analysis of gun law strength and death rates by state from Giffords Law Center and gun ownership rate estimates by state from the Rand Corporation.